U Rwanda rwakuye ku isoko ibinyobwa 52 by’inzoga: Ese iki ni kibazo cy’ubuziranenge cyangwa intangiriro y’ihungabana ry’ubucuruzi, ndetse n’igitotsi mu bubanyenamahanga?

 

Icyemezo cy’u Rwanda cyo guhagarika by’agateganyo itumizwa, ikwirakwizwa n’igurishwa ry’ibirango 52 by’ibinyobwa bisembuye bikomoka mu bihugu bitandukanye, birimo Tanzania, Uganda, Kenya, Burundi, India na Poland, gikomeje guteza impaka mu karere k’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba.

Rwanda Food and Drugs Authority (Rwanda FDA) yatangaje ko ibyo bicuruzwa bigomba gukurwa ku isoko no kwibutswa abacuruzi n’abaguzi, mu rwego rwo kurengera ubuzima rusange. Abatumiza ibicuruzwa basabwe gutangira gahunda yo kubisubiza, mu gihe abacuruzi basabwe guhagarika kubigurisha.

Mu bicuruzwa byibasiwe harimo ibirango byinshi bizwi muri Tanzania, Uganda na Kenya. Ku ruhande rwa Tanzania, ibinyobwa birimo Konyagi, Strong Dry Gin, Diamond Rock, Lemon and Ginger, Kiwingu Spirit, K-Vant, Blackhat, Campfire Gin, Cuca Vodka, Diamond Rock Gin, Hanson’s Vodka, Relax Vodka, Portable Spirit na X5 Gin byashyizwe ku rutonde rw’ibyahagaritswe.

Rwanda FDA yavuze ko iki cyemezo cyafashwe mu nyungu z’ubuzima rusange, ariko mu itangazo ryayo ntiyahise itangaza ku mugaragaro ibisubizo birambuye bya laboratwari cyangwa amakosa y’ubuziranenge kuri buri gicuruzwa cyahagaritswe.

Ibyo bituma havuka ikibazo gikomeye: ni iki nyirizina cyatumye ibyo bicuruzwa bifatwa nk’ibitagomba gukomeza kuba ku isoko ry’u Rwanda?

Tanzania ivuga iki ku bijyanye n’ubuziranenge?

Iki kibazo gifite uburemere bwihariye kuko Tanzania ifite urwego rw’igihugu rushinzwe ibipimo n’ubuziranenge, Tanzania Bureau of Standards (TBS), rufite inshingano zo kugenzura ibipimo by’ibicuruzwa no gutanga ibyemezo by’ubuziranenge.

TBS isanzwe ikorana n’ibigo byo mu karere ndetse n’inzego mpuzamahanga z’ibipimo, kandi Tanzania ikoresha n’ibipimo bihuriweho n’Umuryango wa Afurika y’Iburasirazuba (EAC) ku bicuruzwa bitandukanye.

Urubuga rwa TBS kandi rugaragaza ko hari ibigo n’ibicuruzwa by’inzoga bifite ibyemezo by’ubuziranenge bikurikiza ibipimo bya Tanzania cyangwa ibipimo bya EAC.

Ni yo mpamvu ikibazo gikomeye kiri imbere ari ukumenya niba hari itandukaniro hagati y’ibipimo byakoreshejwe mu gihugu cyabyo n’ibipimo cyangwa ibisabwa n’u Rwanda, cyangwa niba hari ibicuruzwa byihariye byagaragayeho ikibazo nyuma y’ibizamini byakozwe mu Rwanda.

Kugeza ubu, nta bimenyetso bihagije bigaragaza ko ibicuruzwa byose byahagaritswe byaba bifite ikibazo kimwe cyangwa ko ibipimo bya Tanzania ubwabyo bitizewe.

Ikibazo cyarushijeho gukomera: umuyobozi wa Rwanda FDA na we ari mu bakurikiranwe

Ku wa 13 Kanama 2026, Rwanda Investigation Bureau (RIB) yatangaje ko Umuyobozi Mukuru wa Rwanda FDA, Prof. Emile Bienvenu, ari mu bayobozi 18 bafashwe bakekwaho ibyaha bifitanye isano n’umusaruro n’ikwirakwizwa ry’inzoga zitujuje ibisabwa. Mu bafashwe harimo n’abandi bakozi 10 ba Rwanda FDA, umuyobozi wo muri Rwanda Standards Board ndetse n’abayobozi b’inzego z’ibanze.

Ese iki cyemezo gishobora guhungabanya ubukungu?

Nubwo kurengera ubuzima bw’abaturage ari inshingano ya buri gihugu, guhagarika ibicuruzwa byinshi biturutse mu bihugu bihahirana n’u Rwanda bishobora kugira ingaruka ku bukungu.

Abatumizaga ibi binyobwa bagiye guhomba amafaranga bari barashoye mu bicuruzwa bari baratumije, ibyamenwe ndetse n’ibiri mu bubiko. Abacuruzi na bo bazahomba cyane kugishoro bari barashoye mu bucuruzi bwabo ndetse n’isoko bari bamaze kubaka.

Ku ruhande rw’ibihugu byohereza ibyo bicuruzwa, inganda n’abakora ubucuruzi bushamikiye kuri izo nzoga bashobora gutakaza isoko ry’u Rwanda.

Kandi ingaruka ntizagarukira ku ruganda rukora inzoga gusa. Hari abashinzwe gutwara ibicuruzwa, abinjiza ibicuruzwa mu gihugu, ababitanga ku bacuruzi, abacuruza mu maduka no mu tubari ndetse n’abandi benshi bagira uruhare muri uru ruhererekane rw’ubucuruzi.

Niba ibihugu bihana imbibi n’u Rwanda bitangiye gufata ingamba zisa n’izo ku bicuruzwa by’u Rwanda, bishobora gutuma habaho kwihorera mu bucuruzi, ibintu bishobora gutangira kugira ingaruka ku bucuruzi bw’akarere.

Ikibazo cy’icyizere hagati y’ibihugu

Ikindi kibazo gikomeye ni icyizere.

EAC yubakiye ku gitekerezo cy’uko ibihugu bigize uyu muryango bigomba korohereza urujya n’uruza rw’ibicuruzwa n’ubucuruzi, mu gihe inzego z’ibihugu zikorana mu guhuza ibipimo n’ubuziranenge.

Gahunda y’ibikorwaremezo by’ubuziranenge muri EAC igamije guhuza ibipimo, igenzura, ibizamini no gutuma ibyemezo by’ibigo byemewe mu bihugu bitandukanye. RSB ubwayo ivuga ko uburyo bw’akarere bugamije korohereza ubucuruzi, kurengera umuguzi no guteza imbere inganda.

Iyo igihugu kimwe kivuze ko ibicuruzwa byemewe n’urwego rw’ubuziranenge rw’ikindi gihugu bitujuje ibisabwa, ikibazo kiba kitakiri icy’umucuruzi umwe gusa. Gihinduka ikibazo cy’uko ibihugu bifite uburyo bumwe bwo kugenzura ubuziranenge byizerana ku rugero rungana iki?

Ibi ni byo bishobora gutera igitotsi mu mubano w’ubucuruzi hagati y’u Rwanda n’abaturanyi barwo.

Kenya na Uganda na zo zatangiye kwibaza ku cyemezo cy’u Rwanda

Iki kibazo cyatangiye kurenga Tanzania.

Urwego rushinzwe ubuziranenge muri Kenya, Kenya Bureau of Standards (KEBS), rwamaganye isubikwa ry’ibicuruzwa bitanu by’inzoga bikomoka muri Kenya, ruvuga ko ibizamini bishya bya laboratwari n’igenzura ry’inganda byagaragaje ko ibyo bicuruzwa byujuje ibipimo by’ubuziranenge n’umutekano byemewe muri EAC.

Na Uganda yatangiye kujya ku ruhande rumwe na Kenya, aho urwego rw’igihugu rushinzwe ubuziranenge rwagaragaje ko ibicuruzwa byayo by’inzoga byemewe kandi ko byujuje ibipimo bya EAC, ndetse rushidikanya ku ishingiro rya tekiniki ry’icyemezo cy’u Rwanda.

Ibi bishobora guhindura ikibazo kikava ku “nzoga zitujuje ubuziranenge” kikaba ikibazo cyagutse cyo “ese ibihugu bya EAC byemera kimwe ibisubizo by’ibizamini n’ibyemezo by’ubuziranenge?”

Ni iki cyakumira ko ikibazo gihinduka intambara y’ubucuruzi?

Abasesenguzi muby’ubucuruzi babavugako iki kibazo kizakemurwa binyuze mu biganiro hagati y’u Rwanda FDA, RSB, TBS, KEBS, UNBS n’izindi nzego, cyangwa iki kikazagera ku rwego rwa politiki n’ubucuruzi.

Icyakorwa mbere na mbere ni ugushyira ku mugaragaro ibisobanuro bya tekiniki kuri buri gicuruzwa cyahagaritswe: ni iki cyapimwe, ni iki cyabonetse, ni ikihe gipimo kitubahirijwe kandi ni ikihe rwego rwakoze isuzuma?

Ibyo byafasha gutandukanya ikibazo cy’umutekano w’umuguzi n’ikibazo cy’ubucuruzi cyangwa kutumvikana ku bipimo.

Ese ibihugu bya Afurika y’Iburasirazuba biracyafite icyizere gihagije mu buryo bigenzamo ubuziranenge bw’ibicuruzwa kugira ngo ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka bukomeze nta gitotsi?

Kuko niba igisubizo kitabonetse mu buryo bwa gihanga, bushingiye ku bipimo n’ibizamini byigenga, ikibazo cy’inzoga gishobora guhinduka ikibazo kinini kurushaho ikibazo cy’icyizere mu bucuruzi, umubano hagati y’ibihugu n’ejo hazaza h’isoko rusange rya EAC.

Ese FPR yaba yakoze ibi mu rwego rwo kwigarurira isoko rw’ibinyobwa bisembuye mu Rwanda?

Hari na benshi badatinya kuvuga ko FPR ibinyujije mu mishinga yayo nk’inyange yaba ifite umugambi yo gutangira gukora ibinyobwa bisembuye nk’inyahagaritswe ku isoko ryo mu Rwanda aho bizatangazwako byo byujuje ubuziranenge.

Babishingira cyane kubyabaye mu myaka yashize aho ibicuruzwa bimwe byagiye bikumirwa cyangwa bizamurirwa imisoro kugira ngo ibyabo byigarure isoko ry’imbere mu gihugu. Aha twavuga nk’amata yavaga i Bugande bitaga Highland, amazi ya Nile akorwa na Sulfo Rwanda, ikivuguto cya Nyabisindu byazamuriwe imisoro birangira bisimbuwe ku isoko n’ibicuruzwa by’uruganda Inyange.

Izi ngero ni zo zituma bamwe bibaza niba n’iki cyemezo cy’inzoga kitaba gifite ingaruka zisa ku isoko, aho ibicuruzwa bituruka hanze bikumirwa, bigasubizwa inyuma cyangwa bigahagarikwa, maze abakora ibicuruzwa bisa na byo imbere mu Rwanda bakabona amahirwe yo kwagura isoko ryabo.

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